Ontario is the most populous province in Canada.

Discover Canada records this in one direct sentence. The guide writes: At more than 12 million, the people of Ontario make up more than one-third of Canadians. The statement the test asks about is therefore TRUE — Ontario is Canada's most populous province.

The number is dominant. Discover Canada commits Ontario's population to more than 12 million — and identifies that as more than one-third of Canadians. So Ontario alone holds over a third of the country's population. No other province comes close in absolute numbers.

Ontario leads other provinces by a wide margin. Discover Canada writes that "nearly eight million people live in Quebec, the vast majority along or near the St. Lawrence River." So Quebec — Canada's second-largest province by population — has nearly 8 million people, compared with Ontario's more than 12 million. The Atlantic, Prairie, and Pacific provinces are smaller still: "Nova Scotia is the most populous Atlantic Province"; "Alberta is the most populous Prairie province." Ontario is bigger than any of them.

Ontario's population powers a vital economy. Discover Canada writes: "The large and culturally diverse population, natural resources and strategic location contribute to a vital economy. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country's main financial centre. Many people work in the service or manufacturing industries, which produce a large percentage of Canada's exports." So Ontario's population is concentrated in service and manufacturing sectors that drive a substantial share of Canadian exports. The 12-million-plus population is supported by Ontario's geography near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence, in Central Canada — the country's industrial and manufacturing heartland (where Ontario and Quebec together produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods). So Ontario is both Canada's most populous province AND part of the most economically productive region. When the test asks whether Ontario is the most populous province, the answer aligns with the source's plain numbers: TRUE.

The question is testing whether new citizens know whether Ontario is Canada's most populous province. Discover Canada commits to one number: more than 12 million people in Ontario, more than one-third of Canadians. The right test answer is therefore TRUE.

FALSE would contradict the guide's explicit numbers. Quebec has nearly 8 million; Ontario has more than 12 million. Ontario is the most populous. So TRUE is the answer.