What is the law passed by municipal councils called?

Discover Canada records this in one direct sentence. The guide writes: Municipal governments usually have a council that passes laws called "by-laws" that affect only the local community. The council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and councillors or aldermen. The term the test wants is therefore by-laws.

By-laws have a specific named scope. Discover Canada's phrasing is precise: by-laws "affect only the local community." So a by-law in one municipality does not apply elsewhere — it is limited in geographic reach to the city, town, or rural municipality whose council passed it.

The named municipal-council structure is also in the same passage. Discover Canada says: "The council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and councillors or aldermen." So the people who pass by-laws are elected — through provincial, territorial and municipal elections held by secret ballot. The mayor (or reeve) leads, and the councillors (or aldermen) make up the rest of the council.

By-laws fit named municipal authority. Discover Canada says "municipalities are normally responsible for urban or regional planning, streets and roads, sanitation (such as garbage removal), snow removal, firefighting, ambulance and other emergency services, recreation facilities, public transit and some local health and social services." Municipal by-laws are how local governments regulate these named areas in detail — the named working tool by which a city's council manages its everyday responsibilities.

The named local government plays a key role. Discover Canada commits the named municipal level to a specific role: "Local or municipal government plays an important role in the lives of our citizens." So the named by-laws affect citizens' day-to-day lives — covering housing, transportation, garbage collection, local public health, and other named issues. Municipal voters elect their mayor and councillors directly, just as federal voters elect their MPs and provincial voters elect their MLAs (or MNAs, MPPs, or MHAs). The named three levels of Canadian government — federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal — each pass laws within their own named jurisdiction. So when the test asks the term for laws passed by municipal councils, the source-precise answer is by-laws.

The question is testing whether new citizens know Discover Canada's exact named term for municipal-council laws. The guide commits to one word in named quotation marks: "by-laws." The right test answer matches that.

The wrong answer choices each pick a label Discover Canada does not use for municipal-council laws. The guide does not call them statutes (a term often used for federal or provincial laws), regulations, or ordinances. The named municipal-council term in Discover Canada is exclusively by-laws.