What did Sir Guy Carleton do during the American Revolution?

Discover Canada records this in one direct sentence. The guide writes: Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), as Governor of Quebec, defended the rights of the Canadiens, defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775, and supervised the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782–83. The action the test wants is therefore he defended Quebec against an American invasion in 1775.

Three roles in one sentence. Discover Canada commits to three contributions by Sir Guy Carleton: defended the rights of the Canadiens; defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775; and supervised the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782–83. So Carleton was a multi-front leader — protecting the French-Canadian population, repelling American military pressure, and managing the Loyalist arrival.

The 1775 invasion was a major moment. Discover Canada places the American invasion of Quebec in 1775 — early in the American Revolution. Carleton's defeat of that invasion ensured that the colony of Quebec remained under British control and did not join the American revolutionary cause. If Carleton had not succeeded, the geographic and political map of North America might have been very different.

Carleton later managed the Loyalist arrival. Discover Canada writes that "in 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed the United States. North America was again divided by war. More than 40,000 people loyal to the Crown, called 'Loyalists,' fled the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec." Carleton supervised this Loyalist migration in 1782–83 — meaning the same Governor who had defeated the American invasion seven years earlier also organised the resettlement of those Loyalists in what would later become New Brunswick and Upper Canada (Ontario).

The question is testing whether new citizens know what Sir Guy Carleton did during the American Revolution. Discover Canada commits to three actions, but the central military action is the 1775 defence: he defeated the American military invasion of Quebec in 1775. The right test answer matches that.

The wrong answer choices each substitute a different action. "Surrendered to the Americans" reverses the outcome. "Sided with the French" misidentifies his role — Carleton was British and defended British control. "Moved to England" is unrelated. Only the defence-of-Quebec answer matches.