What is the main role of the Judicial Branch?

The Judicial Branch (Judiciary) of Canadian government is responsible for administering justice. Discover Canada identifies the Judiciary as one of the three branches that "work together but also" remain distinct.

At the top of the Judicial Branch is the Supreme Court of Canada, with "nine judges appointed by the Governor General." Below it sits the Federal Court of Canada, which deals with matters concerning the federal government.

The judicial system is built on principles of rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles, and due process. Discover Canada states: "The Canadian justice system guarantees everyone due process under the law."

The Judicial Branch's role is to interpret laws and ensure they are applied fairly — separate from making laws (Legislative Branch) or enforcing them (Executive Branch). This separation of powers is a core element of Canadian government.

Knowing that administering justice is the Judicial Branch's main role is essential for the test, and helps anchor understanding of how Canadian institutions are structured.