Who was Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) as Governor of Quebec?

Discover Canada introduces this figure with a single, very specific caption: Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), as Governor of Quebec, defended the rights of the Canadiens, defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775, and supervised the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782–83. The role the test wants is exactly that: a defender of the Canadiens, defender of Quebec against American invasion, and supervisor of the Loyalist migration.

Three concrete actions stand out. Discover Canada credits Carleton with "defending the rights of the Canadiens" — the French-speaking, Catholic majority that had come under British rule after the conquest of 1759. The second action came in 1775, when Carleton "defeated an American military invasion of Quebec." The third followed the American Revolution: he "supervised the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782–83."

The Loyalist context is in the same chapter. Discover Canada records: "In 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed the United States. North America was again divided by war. More than 40,000 people loyal to the Crown, called 'Loyalists,' fled the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec." Carleton's job was to manage that 40,000+ migration as Governor — a role Discover Canada attaches to him by name.

His political profile fits a wider Discover Canada theme of accommodation. The 1763 Royal Proclamation by King George III had recognised Aboriginal territorial rights; the 1774 Quebec Act protected Catholic religious freedom and French civil law. Carleton, as Governor, defended the rights of the Canadiens during the same era of British accommodation of an existing population — and then physically defended Quebec from an American invasion in 1775.

The question is testing whether new citizens have noticed three specific things Discover Canada says about Sir Guy Carleton: that he "defended the rights of the Canadiens," that he "defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775," and that he "supervised the Loyalist migration" in 1782–83. The right test answer combines all three.

The other answer choices are each at odds with the guide. Discover Canada never describes him as opposing the Canadiens — quite the opposite. It does not say he started a war with the United States. And it does not credit him with founding Montreal; the guide associates Montreal in this period with explorers and traders much earlier, not with Carleton.